Roger Penrose's thoughts on Conditions at the Beginning and End of the Universe

An investigation of Roger Penrose's assertion that there is no time at the beginning or end of the universe.

He reminds us how mass and frequency "are the same thing", ie, mass is proportional to frequency

Energy appears on the left of the equals sign in both in Einstein's and Planck's equations

Einstein's equation relating E (energy) to m (mass) and a constant
E = mc2

Planck's equation relating energy to v (frequency) and a constant
E = hv

The right-hand side of Einstein's equation equals the right-hand side of Planck's equation
mc2 = hv

Eliminating the constants shows mass and frequency are interchangable
m ∝ v

He concludes that because electrons don't experience time and because the elimination of matter eliminates frequency there is no time in the initial and final states of the universe.